【afraid的用法与搭配】“afraid”是一个常见的英语形容词,表示“害怕的、担心的”。在日常英语中,它常用于表达对某事的担忧或恐惧。虽然“afraid”看似简单,但在实际使用中有很多需要注意的搭配和语法规则。下面将从基本用法、常见搭配以及注意事项三个方面进行总结。
一、基本用法
1. afraid + of + 名词/动名词
表示对某事物感到害怕或担心。
- 例句:I am afraid of the dark.(我怕黑。)
- 例句:She is afraid of flying.(她害怕坐飞机。)
2. afraid + that 从句
表达一种担忧或推测,语气较为委婉。
- 例句:I’m afraid that he won’t come.(恐怕他不会来了。)
- 例句:Are you afraid that it might rain?(你担心会下雨吗?)
3. be afraid to do sth
表示不敢做某事。
- 例句:He is afraid to speak in public.(他不敢在公众面前说话。)
- 例句:She was afraid to ask for help.(她不敢求助。)
4. not afraid of / not afraid to
表示不害怕或不怕做某事。
- 例句:He is not afraid of danger.(他不怕危险。)
- 例句:I’m not afraid to try.(我不怕尝试。)
二、常见搭配
搭配结构 | 说明 | 例句 |
be afraid of | 对……感到害怕 | I'm afraid of snakes. |
be afraid that | 表达担忧或推测 | I'm afraid that we're late. |
be afraid to do | 不敢做某事 | She's afraid to go out at night. |
not afraid of | 不害怕 | He isn't afraid of failure. |
not afraid to do | 不怕做某事 | I'm not afraid to speak up. |
be afraid of being caught | 害怕被抓住 | He was afraid of being caught. |
三、注意事项
1. 不要与“scared”混淆
“afraid”更正式,常用于书面语;“scared”更口语化,语气更强。
- 正确:I’m afraid of heights.(我恐高。)
- 口语:I’m scared of heights.
2. 避免重复使用“afraid”
在同一句子中尽量避免多次使用“afraid”,以免显得啰嗦。
- 错误:I’m afraid that I’m afraid of this.
- 正确:I’m afraid of this.
3. 注意时态和语气
“afraid”通常用于现在时,但也可以用于过去时或将来时,视情况而定。
- 例句:He was afraid of the storm.(他当时害怕暴风雨。)
通过以上总结可以看出,“afraid”的用法虽然基础,但搭配丰富,使用时需结合具体语境。掌握这些搭配和用法,能帮助你在英语表达中更加自然、准确。